Fuel injector including an orifice disc, and a method of forming the orifice disc including punching and shaving

ABSTRACT

A fuel injector includes a seat, a movable member cooperating with the seat, and an orifice plate. The orifice plate includes a member and an orifice penetrating the member. The member includes first and second generally parallel surfaces. The first surface generally confronts the valve seat, and the second surface faces opposite the first surface. The orifice is defined by a wall that couples the first and second surfaces. The wall includes a first portion that extends from the first surface and a second portion extending between the first portion and the second surface. The first portion of the wall extends at a first oblique angle with respect to the first surface, and the first oblique angle varies so as to define an asymmetrical chamfer. The second portion of the wall defines a cylinder extending along an axis at a second oblique angle with respect to the second surface.

FIELD OF INVENTION

This invention relates generally to electrically operated fuel injectorsof the type that inject volatile liquid fuel into an automotive vehicleinternal combustion engine, and in particular the invention relates to anovel thin disc orifice member for such a fuel injector.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

It is believed that contemporary fuel injectors must be designed toaccommodate a particular engine, not vice versa. The ability to meetstringent tailpipe emission standards for mass-produced automotivevehicles is at least in part attributable to the ability to assureconsistency in metering, atomizing, shaping and aiming the injectionspray or stream, e.g., toward intake valve(s) or into a combustioncylinder. Wall wetting should be avoided.

Because of the large number of different engine models that usemulti-point fuel injectors, a large number of unique injectors areneeded to provide the desired shaping and aiming of the injection sprayor stream for each cylinder of an engine. To accommodate these demands,fuel injectors have heretofore been designed to produce straightstreams, bent streams, split streams, and split/bent streams. In fuelinjectors utilizing thin disc orifice members, such injection patternscan be created solely by the specific design of the thin disc orificemember. This capability offers the opportunity for meaningfulmanufacturing economies since other components of the fuel injector arenot necessarily required to have a unique design for a particularapplication, i.e. many other components can be of common design.

Another concern in contemporary fuel injector design is minimizing theso-called “sac volume.” As it is used in this disclosure, sac volume isdefined as the volume downstream of a needle/seat sealing perimeter andupstream of the orifice hole(s). The practical limit of dimpling ageometric shaped into an orifice disc pre-conditioned with straightorifice holes is the depth or altitude of the geometric shape requiredto obtain the desired spray angle(s). Obtaining the larger bend andsplit spray angles makes the manufacture more difficult and increasessac volume at the same time. At the same time, as the depth of thegeometry increases, the amount of individual hole and dimple distortionalso increases. In extreme instances, the disc material may shearbetween holes or at creases in the geometrical dimple.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides a fuel injector for spray targeting fuel.The fuel injector includes a seat, a movable member cooperating with theseat, and an orifice plate. The seat includes a passage that extendsalong a longitudinal axis, and the movable member cooperates with theseat to permit and prevent a flow of fuel through the passage. Theorifice plate includes a member and an orifice penetrating the member.The member includes first and second generally parallel surfaces. Thefirst surface generally confronts the valve seat, and the second surfacefaces opposite the first surface. The orifice is defined by a wall thatcouples the first and second surfaces. The wall includes a first portionthat extends from the first surface and a second portion extendingbetween the first portion and the second surface. The first portion ofthe wall extends at a first oblique angle with respect to the firstsurface, and the first oblique angle varies so as to define anasymmetrical chamfer. The second portion of the wall defines a cylinderextending along an axis at a second oblique angle with respect to thesecond surface.

The present invention also provides an orifice plate for a fuelinjector. The fuel injector includes a passage that extends between aninlet and an outlet, a seat that is proximate the outlet, and a closuremember that cooperates with the seat to permit and prevent a flow offuel through the passage. The orifice plate includes a member and anorifice penetrating the member. The member includes first and secondgenerally parallel surfaces. The first surface is adapted to generallyconfront the valve seat, and the second surface faces opposite the firstsurface. The orifice is defined by a wall that couples the first andsecond surfaces. The wall includes a first portion that is spaced fromthe first surface and a second portion that couples first portion to thesecond surface. The first portion of the wall extends from the firstsurface at a first oblique angle with respect to the first surface, andthe first oblique angle varies so as to define an asymmetrical chamfer.And the second portion of the wall extends between the first portion andthe second surface, and defines a cylinder that extends along an axis ata second oblique angle with respect to the second surface.

The present invention also provides a method of forming an orifice platefor a fuel injector. The orifice plate includes a member that has firstand second generally parallel surfaces. The method includes forming apilot hole penetrating the member, deforming the pilot hole proximatethe first surface, and shaving the pilot hole that has been deformed.The pilot hole extends along a first axis that is generallyperpendicular to the first and second generally parallel surfaces. Thedeforming provides an asymmetrical chamfer with respect to the firstaxis and defines a first portion of an orifice. The first portion isproximate the first surface. The shaving provides a cylinder thatextends along a second axis that is oblique with respect to the secondsurface and that defines a second portion of the orifice. The secondportion is proximate the second surface.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated herein and constitutepart of this specification, illustrate presently preferred embodimentsof the invention, and, together with the general description given aboveand the detailed description given below, serve to explain features ofthe invention.

FIG. 1A is a cross-sectional view of a fuel injector according to apreferred embodiment.

FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view of a nozzle portion of a fuel injectorof FIG. 1A.

FIGS. 2A, 2B, 2C and 2D are fragmentary cross-sectional views of a thindisc orifice plate, and also serve to illustrate its method ofmanufacture, according to an example of the preferred embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 3 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view of a thin disc orificeplate, and also serves to illustrate its method of manufacture,according to a second preferred embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT(S)

FIGS. 1-3 illustrate the preferred embodiments. In particular, asillustrated in FIG. 1A, a fuel injector 100 extends along longitudinalaxis A-A and includes: a fuel inlet tube 110, an adjustment tube 112, afilter assembly 114, a coil assembly 118, a coil spring 116, an armature120, a closure member assembly 122, a non-magnetic shell 124, a fuelinjector overmold 126, a body 128, a body shell 130, a body shellovermold 132, a coil assembly housing 134, a guide member 136 for theclosure member assembly 122, a seat 138, and a metering disc 140. Theconstruction of fuel injector 100 can be of a type similar to thosedisclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,854,024; 5,174,505; and 6,520,421.

FIG. 1B shows the nozzle end of a body 128 of a solenoid operated fuelinjector 100 having a metering orifice disc 140 according to a preferredembodiment. The nozzle end of fuel injector 100 includes a guide member136 and a seat 138, which are disposed axially interior of meteringorifice disc 140. The guide member 136, seat 138 and disc 140 can beretained by a suitable technique such as, for example, forming aretaining lip with a retainer or by welding the disc 140 to the seat 138and welding the seat 138 to the body 128.

Seat 138 can include a frustoconical seating surface 138 a that leadsfrom guide member 136 to a central passage 138 b of the seat 138 that,in turn, leads to a central portion 140 b of metering orifice disc 140.Guide member 136 includes a central guide opening 136 a for guiding theaxial reciprocation of a sealing end 122 a of a closure member assembly122 and several through-openings 136 b distributed around opening 136 ato provide for fuel to flow through sealing end 122 a to the spacearound seat 138. FIG. 1B shows the hemispherical sealing end 122 a ofclosure member assembly 122 seated on seat 138, thus preventing fuelflow through the fuel injector. When closure member assembly 122 isseparated from the seat 138, fuel is permitted to pass thorough passage138 b, through orifices 32 extending through the metering orifice disc140 such that fuel flows out of the fuel injector 100.

The metering orifice disc 140 can have a generally circular shape with acircular outer peripheral portion 140 a that circumferentially boundsthe central portion 140 b that is disposed axially in the fuel injector.The central portion 140 b of metering orifice disc 140 is imperforateexcept for the presence of one or more angled orifices 32 via which fuelpasses through metering orifice disc 140. Any number of angled orifices32 can be configured in a suitable array about the longitudinal axis A-Aso that the metering orifice disc 140 can be used for its intendedpurpose in metering, atomizing and targeting fuel spray of a fuelinjector. The preferred embodiments include four such through-angledorifices 32 arranged about the longitudinal axis A-A through themetering orifice disc 140.

Referencing FIGS. 2A, 2B, 2C, and 2D, a preferred embodiment of themetering orifice disc 140 can be formed as follows. Initially, agenerally planar blank work piece 10 having a first surface 20 spaced ata distance from a second surface 40 without any orifices extendingtherethrough is provided. The blank 10 is penetrated by a suitabletechnique such as, for example, reaming, punching, coining, drilling orlaser machining to form a pilot through-opening or orifice 30 that issymmetrical about and extending along a pilot tool axis Y-Y generallyperpendicular to the planar surfaces 20 and 40 of the blank. Preferably,the symmetrical through-opening 30 is formed by a cylindrical punch 42that forms a perpendicular wall section 30 a between surface 20 andproximate the surface 40 with a break-out chamfer 30 b proximate thesurface 40.

The symmetrical pilot through opening or pilot orifice 30 is furtherpenetrated by a suitable technique to form an asymmetrical throughopening or orifice 32 having a longitudinal axis 200. The longitudinalaxis 200 is preferably coincident and aligned with the tool axis Y-Y. Ina preferred embodiment, the asymmetrical through-orifice 32 is formed bya punch tool 50 having an apex 52 with at least two leading edgesdisposed about the pilot tool axis Y-Y such that the resultingcross-section of the punch tool 50 is asymmetrically disposed about thepilot tool axis Y-Y. Each of the at least two leading edges can includea first leading edge 54 and a second leading edge 56. The first leadingedge 54 is oriented at a first lead angle ω° different from the secondlead angle φ° of the second leading edge 56. Preferably, the first leadangle ω° ranges between approximately 20-25 degrees and the second leadangle ω° ranges between approximately 25-30 degrees. In one preferredembodiment, the first lead angle ω° is approximately 25 degrees and thesecond lead angle φ° is approximately 30 degrees.

Although the orifice 32 can be formed of a suitable cross-sectional areasuch as for example, square, rectangular, oval or circular, thepreferred embodiments include generally circular orifices having adiameter of about 100 microns, and more particularly, about 160 microns.Preferably, the first and second surfaces of the metering orifice disc140 are spaced apart over a distance of between about 75 to 300 microns,inclusive of the stated values thereof.

The asymmetrical orifice 32 can include a first entry chamfer 32 adisposed at a first angular extension ω° about the pilot tool axis Y-Yand merging into a second entry chamfer 32 b disposed at a secondangular extension φ° (FIG. 2B). The first entry chamfer 32 a can beoriented at approximately the first lead angle ω°. The second entrychamfer 32 b can be oriented at approximately the second lead angle φ°such that the first and second entry chamfers 32 a and 32 b areasymmetrical about the pilot tool axis Y-Y. The junctures of the firstand second entry chamfers with respect to the surface 20 can form afirst perimeter 33 a symmetric to the longitudinal axis 200. The firstperimeter 33 a extends in over a plane generally perpendicular to thelongitudinal axis 200. Preferably, the perimeter 33 a is a generallyelliptical perimeter.

The first and second entry chamfers 32 a and 32 b lead to a first wallsurface 32 c. The wall surface 32 c is parallel to and disposed aboutthe pilot tool axis Y-Y. The junctures of the first and second entrychamfers 32 a and 32 b with respect to the wall surface 32 c can form asecond perimeter 33 b having a geometric center offset to the pilot toolaxis Y-Y and aligned on a plane oblique to the first or second surfaces20, 40 of the work piece 10 (FIG. 2B).

The asymmetrical orifice 32 is further processed in order to obtain anorifice 34 having its wall extending between the first surface 20 andthe second surface 40 at generally an angle θ₁ oblique to the surfaces20, 40. The processing can be accomplished by a suitable technique, suchas, for example, reaming, drilling, laser machining, shaving, orpunching. In a preferred embodiment, the asymmetrical orifice 32 ispunch-formed with a cylindrical or straight punch 52 oriented at a punchangle θ₁ (FIG. 2C, along an axis 52 a of the straight punch 52) relativeto the surface 20 such that the punch tends to remove material 11, i.e.,to “shave” the wall surfaces of the orifice in FIG. 2B, resulting in ashaved asymmetrical orifice 34, illustrated in FIG. 2D. That is, thepunch 52 shaves the wall surfaces of orifice 32 (FIG. 2B) to form acylindrical wall surface 32 d extending at the punch angle θ₁ oblique toeither the first or second surfaces 20 and 40. The angled orifice 34also includes a chamfer portion 32 b extending at a chamfer angle θ₂with respect to one of the first or second surfaces 20, 40. It is to benoted that chamfer angle θ₂ preferably of the same magnitude as thesecond angular extension φ° of the punch tool 50 in FIG. 2B. Thecylindrical wall surface 32 d forms a third perimeter 33 c that isdisposed generally on a plane oblique to either the first or secondsurfaces 20 or 40. The perimeter 33 c includes a new orifice axis Z-Zoriented generally oblique to the either of the surfaces 20, 40 or theoriginal orifice axis 200 with break out chamfer 30 b′. The punch angleθ₁ and the chamfer angle θ₂ can be a range of angles. Preferably, thepunch angle θ₁ can be at approximately 70 degrees and up toapproximately 87 degrees with respect to the surface 20 (or betweenabout 20 degrees to about 3 degrees when the axis Y-Y is used as areferential datum). Similarly, the chamfer angle θ₂ can be atapproximately 65 degrees to approximately 75 degrees with respect to thesurface 20 (or between about 30 degrees to about 25 degrees when theaxis Y-Y is used as a referential datum). Although a lower limit and anupper limit have been given for each of the angles, each of the anglescan be at an angle lower than the lower limit or higher than the higherlimit as long as the punch can extend through the first and secondsurfaces 20 and 40 when it is operated. The work piece 10 can be furtherprocessed by suitable work piece finishing techniques into a meteringorifice disc 140 for use with the fuel injector 100.

The preferred embodiments are believed to allow an angled orifice 34 tobe formed by punch tool 52 disposed at punch angle θ₁ at a lowerpunching force, thereby reducing damage to the work piece 10 and to thepunch tool 52. Because of the pilot orifice 30, it is believed that thepunch tool can penetrate the work piece 10 without skipping or slidingacross the surface 10. Furthermore, it is believed that the forceapplied to the punch tool in order to shave the asymmetric orifice 32 isless than what would normally be required for a punch tool to punchthrough a work piece 10 without the pilot orifice or asymmetric orifice32.

It is noted that where the straight punch 52 has a diameter d₅₂ lessthan the entry diameter d_(33a) of the asymmetrical orifice 32 on thesurface 20 of the work piece 10, a chamfer 33 c oriented generallynormal to an axis 52 a of the punch 52 can be provided. Where thestraight punch 52 has a diameter at least equal to the entry diameterd_(33a) of the first perimeter 33 a, the chamfer 32 b can be reduced oreliminated entirely. Preferably, the straight punch 52 has a diameter ofapproximately 254 microns and the entry diameter of the asymmetricalorifice 32 prior to shave punching is greater than approximately 254microns. In yet another preferred embodiment, the straight orcylindrical shaped punch 52 has a diameter of approximately 500 micronsand the entry diameter of the asymmetrical orifice 32 prior to shavepunching is greater than approximately 500 microns. Preferably, thepunch diameter d₅₂ can be approximately equal to or slightly larger thanthe diameter d_(33b) of the second perimeter 33 b.

In another preferred embodiment, an angled orifice 35 can be preferablyformed with a straight punch 52 as follows. Initially, as shown in FIG.3, a work piece 12 is coated on the first surface 20 and second surface40 with a material having a lower tensile strength, i.e., a “softer”material 42 and 44 than the work piece. The softer material 42, 44 canbe a material with a tensile strength of approximately 20% to 50% of thetensile strength of the work piece such that a range of ratio of thetensile strength of the work piece to the tensile strength of the softermaterial is between 5:1 to 2:1, inclusive therein. As used herein, theterm “coated” denotes that the softer material can be mechanically,electrically, or chemically bonded to the first and second surfaces ofthe work piece so that the work piece 12 is laminated or sandwiched bythe softer material 42. The softer material 42 or 44 allows the straightpunch 52 to be retained by the softer material 42 or 44 as the punchpenetrates into the softer material 42 or 44 at the punch angle θrelative to a longitudinal axis A-A of the fuel injector, thus allowingthe softer material 42 to be a sacrificial coating during the punchingprocess. Thus, the punch 52 can be oriented at the punch angle θ (asreferenced to the longitudinal axis A-A) as it penetrates the work piece12 without sliding or skipping across the surface 20 of the work piece12. It is noted that the material 42 and 44 can be the same material ordifferent materials as long as both materials 42 and 44 are softer thanthe work piece. It is noted that because of the multiple layers ofmaterials, a break-out chamfer 44 a is formed on the sacrificialmaterial 44 instead of on the surface of the work piece 12 as in thefirst preferred embodiment. And preferably, the softer material can becopper with a thickness (T1 or T3) of at least approximately {fraction(2/3)} that of the thickness of the work piece. In one preferredembodiment, the thickness (T1 or T3) of the copper coating on thesurface 20 and 40 is approximately 50 microns with the work piece havinga thickness (T2) of approximately 76 microns.

As the punch 52 extends through the work piece and the coated materials42 and 44 in FIG. 3, the punch 52 protrudes over a distance W from theexit diameter of the orifice 35 to ensure that the punch adequatelyremoves materials on the wall of the orifice 35 so as to render theorifice 35 sufficiently smooth for its intended purpose as a meteringorifice. Preferably, the distance W can be at least equal to thediameter d₅₂ of the punch 52. Thereafter, the punch 52 is withdrawn andthe coated softer material on the work piece can be removed by asuitable removal technique such as, for example, chemical removal,vibratory, grinding, and preferably stripping with a sharp edge toolmoving along the surfaces 20 and 40 of the work piece 12. The work piece12 can be further processed by suitable metal finishing techniques suchthat a metering orifice disc 140 with angled orifices can be obtainedfor use with the fuel injector 100.

While the present invention has been disclosed with reference to certainpreferred embodiments, numerous modifications, alterations, and changesto the described embodiments are possible without departing from thesphere and scope of the present invention, as defined in the appendedclaims. Accordingly, it is intended that the present invention not belimited to the described embodiments, but that it have the full scopedefined by the language of the following claims, and equivalentsthereof.

1. A fuel injector for metering, atomizing, and spray targeting fuel,the fuel injector comprising: a seat including a passage extending alonga longitudinal axis; a movable member cooperating with the seat topermit and prevent a flow of fuel through the passage; and an orificeplate including: a member including first and second generally parallelsurfaces, the first surface generally confront the valve seat, and thesecond surface facing opposite the first surface; and an orificepenetrating the member and being defined by a wall coupling the firstand second surfaces, the wall including: a first portion extending fromthe first surface, the first portion of the wall extending at a firstoblique angle with respect to the first surface, and the first obliqueangle varying so as to define an asymmetrical chamfer; and a secondportion extending between the first portion and the second surface, thesecond portion of the wall defining a cylinder extending along an axisat a second oblique angle with respect to the second surface.
 2. Thefuel injector according to claim 1, further comprising: a perimeterbeing defined by a juncture of the first and second portions, theperimeter lying in a plane that is orthogonal with respect to the axisand that is oblique with respect to the first surface.
 3. The fuelinjector according to claim 2, wherein the perimeter is contiguous tothe first surface.
 4. The fuel injector according to claim 1, whereinthe first oblique angle varies about the orifice axis.
 5. The fuelinjector according to claim 4, wherein the first oblique angle varies atleast one degree.
 6. The fuel injector according to claim 5, wherein thefirst oblique angle varies in a first range between 25 to 30 degreesrelative to the longitudinal axis and the second oblique angle varies ina second range between 3 and 10 degrees relative to the longitudinalaxis.
 7. An orifice plate for a fuel injector including a passageextending between an inlet and an outlet, and a seat proximate theoutlet and cooperating with a closure member to permit and prevent aflow of fuel through the passage, the orifice plate comprising: a memberincluding first and second generally parallel surfaces, the firstsurface being adapted to generally confront the valve seat, and thesecond surface facing opposite the first surface; and an orificepenetrating the member and being defined by a wall coupling the firstand second surfaces, the wall including: a first portion extending fromthe first surface, the first portion of the wall extending at a firstoblique angle with respect to the first surface, and the first obliqueangle varying so as to define an asymmetrical chamfer; and a secondportion extending between the first portion and the second surface, thesecond portion of the wall defining a cylinder extending along an axisat a second oblique angle with respect to the second surface.
 8. Theorifice plate according to claim 7, further comprising: a perimeterbeing defined by a juncture of the first and second portions, theperimeter lying in a plane that is orthogonal with respect to the axisand that is oblique with respect to the first surface.
 9. The orificeplate according to claim 8, wherein the perimeter is contiguous to thefirst surface.
 10. The orifice plate according to claim 7, wherein thefirst oblique angle varies about the orifice axis.
 11. The orifice plateaccording to claim 10, wherein the first oblique angle varies at leastone degree.
 12. The orifice plate according to claim 11, wherein thefirst oblique angle varies in a first range between 25 to 30 degreesrelative to the longitudinal axis, and the second oblique angle variesin a second range between 3 and 10 degrees relative to the longitudinalaxis.
 13. A method of forming an orifice plate for a fuel injector, theorifice plate including a member having first and second generallyparallel surfaces, the method comprising: forming a pilot holepenetrating the member, the pilot hole extending along a first axisgenerally perpendicular to the first and second generally parallelsurfaces; deforming the pilot hole proximate the first surface, thedeforming providing an asymmetrical chamfer with respect to the firstaxis and defining a first portion of an orifice, the first portion beingproximate the first surface; and shaving the pilot hole so deformed, theshaving providing a cylinder extending along a second axis oblique withrespect to the second surface and defining a second portion of theorifice, the second portion being proximate the second surface.
 14. Themethod according to claim 13, comprising: laminating the member betweenfirst and second layers of a sacrificial material.
 15. The methodaccording to claim 14, wherein the member comprises a stainless steel.16. The method according to claim 15, wherein the member consists of 302stainless steel.
 17. The method according to claim 14, wherein thesacrificial material comprises at least one of copper, aluminum, andtin.
 18. The method according to claim 14, wherein a ratio of tensilestrength of the member to tensile strength of the sacrificial materialis at least 5:1.
 19. The method according to claim 18, wherein the ratiois in a range of between 5:1 and 2:1.
 20. The method according to claim14, further comprises stripping the sacrificial material from the basematerial.
 21. The method according to claim 13, wherein the forming thepilot hole comprises at least one of punching, drilling, and coining.22. The method according to claim 13, wherein the deforming the pilothole comprises at least one of punch forming, reaming, and coining. 23.The method according to claim 13, wherein the shaving the pilot holecomprises at least one of punching, drilling, and coining.
 24. Themethod according to claim 13, wherein the deforming the pilot holeestablishes a perimeter for a juncture of the first and second portionsof the orifice, the perimeter lies in a plane orthogonal to the secondaxis oblique with respect to the second surface.
 25. The methodaccording to claim 24, wherein the shaving the pilot hole comprisesmoving a cutting tool along the second axis, and the cutting toolsubstantially concurrently initially engaging approximately an entiretyof the perimeter.